Friday, 6 June 2008

Cat and Dog in a Monsoon Climate


Soldiering in the tropics had been a solo pastime for me until 1963 when my wife, Nesta, my son Richard, aged two and my daughter Gilly, aged nine months, set off for Malaysia on the last day of the year. All my previous journeys to distant parts of the world had been by troopship and I was unprepared for the dismal conditions we had to face for the next 36 hours in a propeller driven aircraft that carried us to Singapore with stops at Istanbul and Bombay. Gilly, being a babe-in-arms, was given a sky-cot, which hung from the baggage lockers above us, while Richard shared whatever room he could find between his parents.
During the long flight, when we saw the sun rise twice, Nesta and I had plenty of time to talk about what lay ahead of us. I had already spent 18 months in Malaya during the communist uprising of the early ‘50s. This time I was to be Second-in-Command of the newly raised 2nd Battalion Malaysia Rangers whose recruits came from North Borneo, or Sabah, to use its new name. The first soldiers were already being trained at the Gurkha Depot at Sungei Patani, in mainland Malaya. When they and the remainder of the battalion were fit for combat, we were destined to take our place among other Malaysian and Commonwealth forces defending Sabah and Sarawak from incursions by Indonesian armed forces. We would live in private accommodation on the island of Penang off the north west coast of Malaya for the first nine months of our two and a half year tour, but for the first 12 weeks of my time in Malaysia, I would be in Singapore and Johore learning the language and attending a Jungle Warfare course. After that, my routine would be five days and nights in Sungei Patani and the remainder at home in Penang.

The train journey from Singapore to the ferry, where we crossed to Penang, was luxurious compared with the cramped conditions on the long flight. Soon, we were settled in the Officers' Club, otherwise known as the Runnymeade Hotel.
We stayed at the club while we looked around for private accommodation. After a few days we selected a pleasant little house on the road to the airport about two miles out of Georgetown, the capital. It was a typical Chinese bungalow with three bedrooms and quarters for a 'live in' amah, who would attend to the housework, cooking and baby sitting. A small garden provided us with bananas and three towering coconut trees produced delectable nuts whenever we could obtain the services of a special 'nut plucker'. We were on our own as far as Europeans were concerned, but our neighbours were Chinese, Malay and Indian middle-class people. We made the acquaintance of our nearest neighbours, who were Malay, within an hour of moving in. They had a son about the same age as Richard and they were soon playing as if they had known each other all their lives. I asked them about security when I saw a large dog chained to a kennel in their garden. They spoke very little English but the gestures they made left me in no doubt about the importance of keeping a guard dog.
I asked our newly acquired amah - Ah Kwa, if she knew where we could get one that would not only guard the house but be a pet as well. She said she would ask her father when she next went home. As a second string to our bow, a long term British resident in Georgetown told me about two aged English ladies (sisters and spinsters) who lived nearby in a rambling old house which they shared with animals. They were self appointed, self financed and the nearest to the RSPCA to be found in Penang. I was given a grilling by one of the old girls when I rang her on the telephone and, eventually, she agreed to call me if and when she came across a suitable dog.
I was having a shower one evening when Nesta answered a ring on the door bell. I heard her talking to someone and then came an urgent call: "Bob, come quickly!" I was out of the shower in a second, wrapping a towel around my middle as I skidded through the living room to see what was wrong. "I think there's a snake in there," she said as she pointed to a sack on the door step. An old Chinese man, who had propped his bicycle against the wall, was undoing some knotted string from the mouth of the sack. I tried to speak to him in faltering Malay but he only spoke Cantonese. The sack was moving and it was clear that some sort of living creature was inside. "Tell him to take it away," said Nesta who was now convinced that a king cobra was going to crawl out. The old man finally succeeded in opening the sack, and he pulled out a black dog. Relief that it was only a dog was overtaken by a feeling of revulsion for the way the poor animal had been treated. It had been lashed to a narrow metal carrier behind the saddle of the bicycle.
The dog was cringing on the doorstep and, although I had great sympathy for it, it did not conform to my requirements. The amah, who had gone to a shop on the corner of the main road, returned as I was telling the old man to take it away. She spoke to him in his own language and he told Ah Kwa he was only responding to my request for a guard dog. There was much arm waving by the amah and the Chinaman but in the end he picked the dog up by the scruff of its neck and put it back in the sack; a pathetic moan came from the animal as it was lashed to the carrier.
"Stop him," said Nesta. "We can't allow him to treat the poor dog like that." With my towel in danger of dropping to the ground, I ran into the driveway and signalled the old man to stop. "How much does he want, Ah Kwa?" I said. "He say 50 dollars," replied the amah. "Tell him I'll give him 20," I replied. Another arm waving session between Ah Kwa and the Chinaman ensued before Ah Kwa said: "He'll take 20 dollars." Nesta handed me two crisp ten dollar bills which he stuffed into his pocket before untying the sack and letting it drop to the floor. Without a backward glance he mounted his bone-shaker and pedalled off into the night.
I unfastened the neck of the sack and once again the emaciated animal struggled to get out and sit up. The effort was too great and it slumped onto its side. While I returned to the bedroom to put on a pair of shorts, Nesta gave the dog a bowl of water and some pieces of meat. It gently lapped the water but turned away from the food.
It was hard to estimate its age as it was in such poor condition. It was jet black and stood about the height of a medium sized Labrador. Its eyes followed me wherever I went and as I carried it to a comfy bed which Nesta had made for it in the corner of the porch, its tongue came out and gently licked my hand. We made it as comfortable as we could and stayed with it until it went to sleep.
The following morning, Nesta and I rose early and found the dog still lying listlessly in the position where I had placed it the night before. We decided to take it to the Veterinary Hospital in Georgetown as soon as possible so, after we had finished breakfast, we put the dog in the car and headed downtown.
We were able to see a doctor straight away. He did not give the animal a thorough examination because it was obvious it was in an advanced state of distemper. "I'm sorry, there is no hope of saving the dog, would you like me to put it to sleep?" he said. Although we had known the animal for less than one day, we were sad when I nodded assent.
Our young son, Richard, who had been kept under strict control by Ah Kwa burst into tears when I told him what had happened. "Don't worry, he's gone to a much happier place than he's been used to - we'll find another one within a few days."
My optimistic words bore fruit as two days later I received a phone call from one of the Misses Jones: "I think I've got the dog you've been looking for," she said, and gave me a quick profile of the animal: "He's just an ordinary 'pye' dog - black all over with a curly tail, about two years old and quite a character!" She asked us to come around during the early evening.
We arrived at 5pm and let ourselves into their garden through a rickety gate. The place was a wilderness - a complete contrast to the neighbours' gardens which were kept in immaculate condition by native 'kebuns' (gardeners). All sorts of animals were wandering about. There were geese and ducks, peacocks and hornbills. Goats grazed alongside a young calf and an odd assortment of dogs and cats made up the menagerie. Just in front of the house was a dilapidated garden seat suspended on chains below a patched awning. Lying up against a cushion at one end of the seat was a black dog with a curly tail. Even though there were other 'pye' dogs in the garden, Nesta and I knew that this one was ours. The other dogs came running towards us and jumped about excitedly, but the one on the garden seat stayed where he was and looked at us imperiously. Quite obviously, he was leader of the pack.
The Misses Jones came down the steps from their patio and walked towards us. "This is Bobby," said Miss Alice, pointing to the dog on the garden seat. "As you can see, he likes comfort." "We thought he was the one," said Nesta. "Is he friendly?" The answer to the question was a suggestion by Miss Annie that I should extend the back of my hand for him to smell. Bobby inspected the proffered hand with a cold nose and then, with a yawn and a stretch, descended to ground level.
Richard watched the act of introduction between Bobby and myself with interest and felt confident enough to make his own overture. The rapport between dog and child was immediate and within seconds they were playing together happily. It did not take us long to make up our minds, so we accepted Miss Alice's offer to enter their house to complete details of ownership. There were more animals inside the house. Some were in cages like birds with broken wings, while kittens and puppies crawled over the floor. "How do you manage to look after all these creatures?" I asked. "With great difficulty and lots of love," said Miss Alice. "If we can find good homes for them we are pleased to hand them on but, unfortunately, many of our dear friends which cannot find a home or be returned to the wild have to be put to sleep." The Misses Jones went on to tell us they made a run in their car every morning following a regular route so that the indigenous folk of Georgetown could give them their unwanted animals. These two remarkable old ladies had spent many years in Penang devoting their lives to animals. Their concern was about who would take over from them when they became too old to carry on.
Over a cup of tea Miss Annie told us that Bobby had come from a good Chinese home and had been inoculated against rabies and distemper. She lifted the flap of his right ear and I was able to see the serial numbers which recorded the fact. We entered our names in a book they kept and I asked how much we owed. "Anything you can spare will be welcome," said Miss Alice. The Malaysian equivalent of ten pounds was a reasonable amount of money in those days, so I handed over the cash in exchange for a fine black dog which we felt sure would guard us well for the next two and a half years.
Bobby jumped into the back seat of our Humber 'Hawk', followed by Richard holding his lead. As we made our way home, it became obvious that Bobby liked being in a car. He stuck his head out of the window like an old time engine driver and barked loudly at anyone who approached.
Ah Kwa was brushing the patio when we arrived home and she looked suspiciously at Bobby when he bounced out of the car. She need not have worried as Bobby had not yet taken up residence and established his area of authority. Just to be on the safe side, Ah Kwa gave him some meat scraps which he devoured eagerly. Our small daughter, Gilly, then aged nine months, had not been allowed access to Bobby. When they were introduced, the magic chemistry of friendship was bonded at once. In the following days and weeks Bobby was subjected to a demanding variety of violations of privacy such as tail twisting, eye poking, nose pulling and ear biting. He took everything in his stride and, in return, he would give Gilly a big lick across her face which usually sent her tumbling backwards.
It was not long before Bobby knew who was family and who was not. The first person to fall foul of him was a wizened little Malay who earned his living harvesting coconuts. He was able to use his extraordinary ability to climb trees when he came face to face with Bobby in the driveway one day. By the time I arrived to see what all the noise was about, the Malay was about 20 feet above the ground and still climbing.
The coconut plucker, among other visitors and tradesmen who came to our house, soon got the idea that it was safer to rattle the large metal gates and wait for someone to come than actually set foot in the garden. The distinctive noise made by Bobby when the gates were rattled was sufficient to let Nesta and me, or Ah Kwa, know that we had to look sharp.
At that stage of Bobby's time with us, we did not always put him on a running lead as he hated being chained up. Besides, we could manage him quite well as there was a large fence around the house and we felt sure he could not get out. We were wrong of course as we had not considered the 'sex' factor.
The first time he felt the urge to 'go forth and multiply' I saw him clear the wire fence with a few inches to spare. Over the next four or five days we saw nothing of him until one evening when he dragged himself into the garden through the gates we had left open for him. He was in an appalling state and it was obvious he had been engaged in a number of fights. The fur and flesh above his right eye had been ripped open and congealed blood covered one side of his face. He just managed to give Nesta one of his big slobbering licks before he sank to the ground in front of us completely exhausted. The kids were crawling all over him but the energy he had expended over the previous few days had used up his store of adrenaline and he was quite impervious to them.
Nesta went inside to get the first aid box and returned a few minutes later with a selection of powders and liniments. A liberal sprinkling of penicillin powder was applied to the raw flesh and an adhesive plaster kept the flap of flesh and fur in position above the eye. It was her intention to take Bobby to the vet the following morning but, after two hours sleep followed by a full bowl of meat, he sailed over the fence and went off for another two days procreation.
As far as the female of the species were concerned, Bobby loved them all, but for those of his own sex it was a different matter. Providing there was not a female around, Bobby would co-exist with black and white dogs, but the sight of a brown dog would send him into a paroxysm of rage.
One such animal lived with a Chinese family a few hundred yards down the road from where we lived. The master of the household was in the habit of taking his dog for a walk in the cool of the evening - until we arrived. Bobby had made a hole under the fence for such purposes as launching himself at brown dogs, and this he did one evening as the Chinaman and his dog walked past our house.
Bobby's attack was noisy and violent as he hurled himself at the brown dog. His upper mandibles clamped hard on the victim's cheek while the lower set were fixed firmly behind one ear. The poor little dog was held in a vice-like grip and nothing the Chinaman did made any impression upon Bobby.
Nesta, alerted by the noise, rushed outside and tried to pull Bobby away, but she failed as well. Ah Kwa, leaning on the gatepost thoroughly enjoying the unexpected entertainment, was somewhat disappointed when Nesta told her to fetch a bucket of water; she waddled slowly back to the house and a few minutes later appeared with a large bucket. "Quickly, quickly, Ah Kwa," shrieked Nesta, "throw the water over them." Ah Kwa spread her legs, took aim and swung the bucket. She missed Bobby and the brown dog but the poor Chinaman took the full force of water on his chest, knocking him to the ground. Nesta yelled at the amah to fetch another bucket of water but, before she could waddle off for the second time, the Chinaman commandeered the bucket and began beating Bobby around his head until he let go. Although Nesta spoke none of the Chinese dialects, she did not need Ah Kwa to interpret the words of the owner of the brown dog. It was quite obvious to her that the old man's long dead ancestors had been exhorted to even the score with the Smith family and the black 'devil dog' that lived with them.
Another of Bobby's aversions was motor bikes. The sound of a 750cc Kawasaki would set his muscles twitching and he had to be restrained when even a small two-stroke machine passed by.
The road in front of our house went up a hill to the transmitting station of Radio Malaysia. It was about a 1 in 10 incline and offered a reasonable challenge to any driver of a high powered machine. One such bike, driven by an Indian with his hair streaming behind him, roared up the hill one evening as Nesta and I were going for a stroll. Bobby was a good sport and he let the Indian get about 30 yards ahead of him before he set off in pursuit. Over short distances he had a good turn of speed and he quickly caught up with the motor bike. He locked on to the Indian's ankle and held tight. With his balance impaired, the driver lost control and zig-zagged across the road until he hit a concrete bollard and flew over the handlebars - with Bobby still attached to his ankle. We watched all this with horror and were about to go to the Indian's assistance when we saw him climb out of the ditch and start beating Bobby with a stick. Having satisfied ourselves that the driver had not been injured, we spun on our heels and walked off nonchalantly in the opposite direction - away from the Indian, his motor bike, Bobby and any claim for damages.
Some of the most beautiful beaches in the Far East are to be found in Penang. We often drove to our favourite place - Lone Pine Beach, on the north coast of the island a few miles west of Georgetown. There we would sunbathe and swim in the warm waters of the Straits of Malacca to our hearts' content. Bobby loved to come with us and so did Ah Kwa, providing she could stay in the shade as no self-respecting Chinese woman could have a sun tan. While we were swimming, Bobby would be absorbed with a particular kind of crab which is found on most Malaysian beaches. They measure about three inches across the top of their shells and stand on stalk-like legs. They always seem to be on the move and when danger threatens, they scurry away to the nearest burrow in the sand. They move like greased lightning and, as there are always scores of crabs about with numerous burrows, they produce a bewildering pattern of movement as they criss-cross each others' tracks. Bobby could never be single-minded enough to select one crab and ignore the others. The result was that he never caught anything as he weaved and twisted through the scampering crustaceans. They seemed to know just how far to keep in front of his nose before disappearing down a hole. The digging process would then begin and before long the area of beach we had selected would be turned into something like a battlefield.
You can never tell by the expression on a crab's face what it is thinking but, after long periods of observing them on Lone Pine Beach, I am sure they enjoyed the sport just as much as Bobby.
At this stage of our tour in Malaysia, we adopted a kitten. I pulled into a garage one day for some petrol and, as I was paying the bill, I saw a cat with a litter of kittens in a corner of the shop. Richard had been pestering me for some time to get a cat so I asked the man behind the counter if I could have one of the kittens. The towkay (boss) was called and he was only too delighted to give me one. In fact, he tried his best to give me all six, but I selected a cute little 'tabby' and put it on the back seat.
Bobby and cats mixed as easily as oil and water. A one time domesticated cat, which had reverted to the wild, had taken up residence with its babies at the back of the garage, but it had been forced to move by Bobby's unwelcome attention. Poor little defenceless 'Friday', as we called her, carried the obnoxious 'cat' smell and this set Bobby's nose twitching. We had to be on constant guard for the first few days in case Bobby followed his instinct and had her for a snack.
During the cool evenings when the cicadas were singing in the coconut palms, we would watch Bobby and Friday as they developed their relationship. It was all one-sided at first. Bobby appeared disdainful towards the small furry animal which had the patronage of his master and mistress, but could not remain completely detached when the tip of his tail was such an object of attention. Friday would stalk it through the jungle of chairs and table legs before pouncing.
There is a certain time of year in Malaysia, just before the monsoon, when a large type of flying beetle makes sitting out of doors in the evening a dangerous business. These beetles are attracted by light and they come flying towards lamps at great speed. If you happen to be sitting in their flight path, you can receive a painful blow if they hit you. Friday would amuse herself for hours during the beetle season as she leapt and spun in her attempts to catch these noisy and troublesome pests.
As she grew from a kitten into a lean, graceful and very good looking cat, she became more expert in catching all sorts of flying and crawling things. She would deposit a wide variety of birds, lizards and beetles at the side of our bed for inspection.
Every household in Malaysia has its chi-chas. These are small lizards about four of five inches long from nose to tail with sucker pads on their feet. They spend the daylight hours behind pictures and cupboards but at night time they come out and scamper around the walls and ceilings in search of flies. They are delightful creatures and I have yet to meet anyone who does not have affection for them. In fact, among the ethnic population, a house without chi-chas is considered an unlucky place.
We had the usual number of chi-chas in Penang, but they differed from those in some of our friends' houses in that many were minus their tails, having ventured too far down the walls and been caught by Friday. Chi-chas have lived on this planet far longer than human beings and this is most probably due to their ability to jettison their tails if they are caught. They waddle around in an ungainly way for a few days while they are growing a new one, and then the whole business starts again.
Bobby would watch Friday's nocturnal activities with interest and eventually he accepted her as a fully paid up member of the family union. When she became tired of catching beetles and depriving chi-chas of their tails, she would curl up inside Bobby's legs and go to sleep.
By September 1964 sufficient numbers of our soldiers from Sabah had been trained at the Gurkha Depot in Sungei Patani to allow the 2nd Battalion Malaysia Rangers to embark on the second stage of its evolution. This meant a move into barracks of our own in the tin mining town of Ipoh in the state of Perak (about 100 miles away). We had to pack our belongings and hand back our pleasant little house at Bukit Glugor to our Chinese landlord. We had to say farewell to our neighbours and both Richard and Gilly were quite tearful about leaving their Malay playmates. Parting from Ah Kwa was a wrench for all of us. Not only was she an excellent amah, but she had become a good friend as well. The children adored her while Nesta and I were grateful to her for teaching us so much about the Malaysian way of life. She would have loved to come to Ipoh with us, but her father said she was too young to go so far away from home.
When everything was packed and we were ready to leave, an Army truck arrived to take our belongings to Ipoh. My Sabahan orderly, Ibrahim, was detailed to ride in the front of the vehicle while Bobby was tied by his lead to one of the packing cases in the back of the truck. I felt sure that with Bobby guarding our kit there would be no danger of prying hands coming over the tailboard. We had a special rotan (cane) basket made for Friday and she travelled with us in the car.
I had already spent a few days in Ipoh supervising the take-over from the 8th Hussars, the outgoing unit. I had checked all the items in our new quarter and had satisfied myself that everything was in order for my family. It was, therefore, a pleasant experience to introduce them to the new home we would occupy for the following 14 months.
Our bungalow in Gopeng Lane was much larger than the one in Penang. It comprised a sitting room, a dining room, a study, three bedrooms and two bathrooms. Adjoining the dining room was the kitchen and beyond were the amah's quarters. Surrounding the house was about half an acre of lawns and flower beds. The backdrop was jungle and towering limestone rock which stretched to the sky and onwards to the Cameron Highlands. The scene was really beautiful.
Ah Ying, our new amah, and her husband, Lee with their two children Pen and Tan skidded into line on the driveway when they heard our car coming down the lane. They had occupied the servants' quarters for about two years so Ah Ying and Lee were thoroughly experienced in looking after a British Army officer and his family. Within a few minutes of arriving, tea and cucumber sandwiches were served on the patio.
About an hour later, after we had off-loaded the car and freshened ourselves, the whine from the engine of an Army truck could be heard as it approached the house. Ibrahim was in the front wearing a grin like an oriental Cheshire cat and in the back was Bobby looking fed up after being on his own for so long.
All the old problems about relationships between Bobby and servants had to be sorted out again, so we took good care to keep hold of his collar when we introduced him to Ah Ying and her family. They all made a fuss of him and a few titbits of food from their own kitchen helped with an entry to his affection. Friday was removed from her basket as soon as we arrived and had already made an inspection of her new home.
Richard, now three years of age and Gilly, 15 months, were old and mobile enough to enjoy the experience of living in a new house with a new amah and the novelty of two ready-made playmates. None were more than three years old and, even though they could not speak each other's language, it hardly seemed to matter as they exchanged toys and played happily with each other.
We thought it wise to tether Bobby when we arose the following morning so he could take his time to get to know the other people who would assist in running the household. The first to arrive was Raslan, the Malay kebun (gardener). Malays are Moslems and consider dogs unclean. Although they keep them in their kampongs (villages), they are never touched or allowed to enter their houses. Raslan knew he would be working for another British officer but he was not aware that his new master kept a dog and that it was tied to a running lead which ran from one end of the patio to the other. He collected his bucket and spade from the amah's quarters and was heading for one of the flower beds when Bobby spotted him. It was fortunate for the kebun that the route he took was about six feet beyond the length of the lead. Bobby came to a sudden halt as the tether tightened like a bow string - and Raslan had the fright of his life; he had to go around the corner, sit on his bucket and compose himself for a few minutes before he got on with his work.
Raslan was a malingerer. The only reason he turned up early on his first day was because he wished to make a good impression. Thereafter, his performance went rapidly downhill. Bobby looked upon him with suspicion from the start. Despite being given scraps of meat each morning when Raslan arrived, it did not do much good for dog/kebun relations and the gardener distanced himself from Bobby at every opportunity.
During the afternoons throughout the year, the heat in Ipoh is almost unbearable (it has the reputation of being the hottest place in Malaysia), and it is customary for Europeans to take a siesta. The franchise does not extend to the lower strata of the ethnic population who are expected to work until the shadows lengthen in the late afternoon. Raslan must have thought he was a few rungs up from the bottom level of society as he had become used to taking a nap in some bushes at the far end of the garden during the hottest part of the day. Bobby soon put a stop to that for as soon as the kebun made a move for the bushes, he would find Bobby guarding the hole at the entrance. His performance became more desultory when he was denied a siesta, so he had to go.
The people next door were a friendly couple; the man was Chinese and his wife English. At the entrance to their drive was a tree and from its branches hung various strips of cotton material. One day, Nesta asked our neighbour what they were for. The explanation she received was that they were part of the secret world of superstition which rules the life of most Chinese. We noticed that their amah would spend time each day tying bits of cloth to the tree and removing others. She would light candles and joss sticks at the base of the trunk, spray incense and distribute fake money for the spirits of her ancestors. At the end of her devotions, she would place small bowls of food alongside the candles which contained strange things like: chickens' gizzards, ducks' feet, pigs' intestines, nuts and fish heads - Chinese people believe in looking after their dead.
Soon after we were told about the amah's daily ritual, we discovered that her routine was being aborted. Richard and Gilly, along with Bobby, also had a daily routine. This involved watching the movements of our neighbours' amah as she busied herself at the base of the pokok hantu (ghost tree). When she had finished and returned to the house, the trio would creep, under cover of a hedge, to the tree and devour the food. As the children were fond of nuts and Bobby was particularly partial to fish heads and guts of pigs and chickens, very little - if anything, was left for the dearly departed. Eventually, the penny dropped and the amah placed the bowls of food in a fork of the tree, out of reach of those who lived the good life on earth.
Bobby was in the prime of life when we lived in Ipoh and seemed to fear nothing. One evening though, when we were going for a walk around the edge of the golf course, a large cobra slithered through the grass in front of us. Bobby's reaction was immediate: he jumped sideways and took refuge behind Nesta. I did not upbraid him for being a coward, he knew his limitations and cobras were not in his class.
Friday would often bring snakes and lizards into the house. None were very big: she knew her limitations as well. As far as we were concerned, all snakes in Malaysia were treated with respect and whoever found one of Friday's play-things raised the alarm immediately.
Nesta was particularly concerned about snakes, and for good reason. The previous occupants of our house in Ipoh had left the door from the veranda to the main bedroom open one night and had not noticed that one of their children had placed a wooden plank from the ground to the veranda. The plank allowed a cobra to enter the bedroom and they came face to face with it when they went to bed. Needless to say, we kept that door closed while we lived there.
Ramillies Lines, Ipoh - the temporary home of 2nd Battalion Malaysia Rangers, was about a mile away from where we lived and Nesta used to drive me in each morning at 7am. Our route took us along Tiger Lane, which should really have been called Cobra Lane on account of the dead snakes that littered the carriageway every morning. Snakes like warmth and are attracted to the heat retaining properties of tar macadam. The continuous depletion of their numbers seemed to make no difference to the new crop of squashed snakes we saw every day. It gave one an eerie feeling to know that these highly venomous reptiles lived so close to our house.
The transit from daylight to darkness in Malaysia is sudden. Each day we arranged a playtime period for the children and the animals to take place during the last half hour of daylight. We had a large garden with plenty of room for all of us to scamper around. Bobby was the most energetic member of the family and he used this playtime period to burn up excess energy. Cats do not normally feel the need to exercise, but every evening as the sun dipped below the green horizon, Friday would join us. She would rub her sides against our legs with her tail held high and she would arch her back and raise a paw menacingly when Bobby approached - but with good humour, although Bobby was never quite sure. When the time came to go indoors to bathe the children, Friday would usually bolt across the lawn with Bobby in pursuit. She had an amazing turn of speed and, like a good rugby scrum half, could spin on her axis and change direction without slowing down. She always tied Bobby up in knots and he never managed to get within three feet of her. The chase always ended with Friday climbing a tree where, from the topmost branches, she could look down on Bobby - giving a good impression of a dog who had not eaten for a week. Then it was Friday's turn to feel unsure.
Friday found a boy friend soon after we arrived in Ipoh and we became aware of the increasing size of her girth. She gave birth to the first of five kittens one evening just as the children were getting ready for their story before going to bed. This was the only time I can remember when I was let off my evening duty - the arrival of Friday's babies was far more fun.
Up until that time, Bobby and Friday got on well with each other, but those tiny bundles of fur put a new edge to their relationship. Gone was the romp in the garden and so was their close companionship on the patio in the cool of the evening. Friday's duty lay with her babies and she was a good mother.
One day I saw Bobby come flying out of the garage with Friday on his shoulders. He had made the mistake of going too near the basket which Friday used as a nest for her kittens. Thereafter, he kept away from the garage but, as the kittens grew up and became adventurous, he could not always avoid them. He used to look appealingly at us when Friday boxed his ears. Fortunately, our new kebun was able to find homes for them when they were six weeks old. We were sorry to see them go, but Bobby was delighted to resume his normal relationship with Friday.
The area in which we lived mustered about eight or nine houses, some of which were occupied by British officers and their families, but we were the only ones to keep a dog. During the 14 months we lived in Ipoh, almost every other house in the patch was burgled. We felt sure that our good fortune was due to Bobby's visual and audible presence. He really was the terror of the neighbourhood as far as the indigenous people were concerned. The NAAFI boy was forbidden by the manager of the Army's general store to take his van down our drive after Bobby had bitten lumps of rubber off one of the tyres in an attempt to get at the driver. Nesta and I were pleased with his performance as a guard dog, although we were always concerned about the danger of causing injury to someone.
In early 1965 I felt confident enough with my ability to speak Malay fluently that I applied to take the national language examination. I flew to Singapore and took the test in Nee Soon barracks. There were no problems and I qualified for the £150 grant for passing the test. I promised Nesta and the children that if I was successful we would go on leave to the east coast of Malaya. It is not difficult to imagine the delight my good news caused when I returned to Penang on the evening flight of Malaysian Airways.
We arranged with our neighbours for Bobby and Friday to be given food each day and for Bobby to be tied up whenever Chandra, the new kebun came to attend to the garden. For the rest of the day and night he was allowed to run free and we only hoped he would not feel the urge to go off with one of his girl friends while we were away.
We had a marvellous time on the east coast and I was able introduce Nesta and the children to some old friends of mine whom I had not seen for 12 years since I was stationed in Kuantan with the King's African Rifles during the communist insurgency. All too soon it was time to return and when we arrived home we received a great welcome from all those who had now become dependent upon us - Chinese, Indian and Malay (car wash boy), as well as Bobby and Friday. Chandra greeted us in the fashion of his race, with palms pressed together as in prayer. "Everything is in good order sahib," he said. I could see that this was true as I cast my eyes over the well tended flower beds and freshly cut grass. Bobby, who was prancing about with excitement, suddenly transferred his attention to Chandra and leapt playfully into his arms. "He is my friend now," said the kebun. "He's a good dog and he looked after the house very well while you were away." Bobby knew he was getting a good report and he positively beamed with pride.

We very nearly lost Bobby one day when the dog catchers came around. Stray dogs are a menace in Malaysia and they cause great concern to the public health authorities. Teams of 'catchers' travelling in vans are employed to round up such animals. They can always be recognised by their bright yellow jackets, the .22 rifles they carry and the long claw-like implements they put around a cornered dog's head at a range of about ten feet. As they are only concerned with dogs that are not wearing collars, and Bobby always wore a stout rivet-studded collar with his name and address clearly marked on it, we were not unduly worried about him when we saw the 'catchers' in our area.
Nesta had driven me to work one morning and had returned home for breakfast. As she was sitting at the dining table, she heard Bobby barking in the garden. Ah Ying appeared and said: "Come quickly, mem (short for memsahib), the dog catchers are here and Bobby is not on his lead." Corn flakes flew over the table as Nesta sped from the dining room, through the kitchen to the back garden where she saw Bobby jumping up against the fence - minus his collar. Somehow he had wrenched it off and thus had put himself in the category of 'fair game' for the dog catchers. One of them was actually walking towards the fence with a rifle and was about to take aim when Nesta put herself in the line of fire. The dog catcher lowered his rifle while Nesta put her arms around Bobby's head to shield and control him. Ah Ying had no such idea of standing between Bobby and the trigger-happy dog catcher, but she was most impressed with Nesta's dedication to Bobby's welfare. After that, we made sure that Bobby's collar was tightened to another hole.
Although Pen and Tan, Ah Ying's children, played happily with Richard and Gilly in the garden, their mother made it quite clear to them that our quarters were out of bounds. This rule was strictly observed until the 16th August 1965 - Richard's fourth birthday. It was easy to round up a dozen extremely willing three and four year olds from the battalion's British families to attend the party; we asked Ah Ying if her children would like to come as well. This was an opportunity for us to repay Ah Ying's and Lee's hospitality to our children a few weeks before when they were invited to attend the Moon Festival at Ah Ying's mother's house. It was just about the most exciting thing that had ever happened to our kids and when they returned home they told us all about the strange food they had eaten and the lantern procession in which they had taken part. Ah Ying's mother had given them some rice cakes for us to eat and their beautifully painted bamboo lanterns sat on their bedside tables for the rest of the time we lived in Malaysia.
The day of the party arrived and during the afternoon the local soft drink manufacturers, Frazer and Neave, delivered the swings, slides and roundabouts which were common features at all children's parties. While they were being set up in the garden, Ah Ying and Lee were busy preparing the table on the patio to bear a mass of sandwiches, cakes, jelly and trifle they had been making since daybreak.
At about 4pm the first of our young visitors arrived and soon the garden became a noisy playground as the kids made the most of the soft drink firm's fun machines. When all was going well, Ah Ying went off to her quarters and returned a few minutes later with her two children bearing their birthday gifts. They approached Richard very formally and, with a curtsy from Pen and a bow from Tan, the presents were handed over. Like all well brought up Chinese children they were immaculately dressed. Pen had her jet black hair tied in plaits, with ribbons to match her crisp white dress with tiered skirt. Eye shadow, rouge, powder and lipstick are used by Chinese mothers on their children from an early age and Ah Ying had made Pen into a most beautiful painted doll. Tan, although not 'made up', had been well prepared to attend this most prestigious function.
By this time, our children had picked up a few words of Malay, which most Chinese understood, and Richard was able to say: "Terima kasi" (thank you), to Pen and Tan for their gifts.
Bobby had been lying on the mat between the living room and the patio, waking up occasionally when he was trodden on or hit by a flying squeaker. Suddenly he raised himself and, to his amazement saw, inside the living room, the amah's children playing happily with the other party goers. Bobby must have been aware of Ah Ying's rules about where and where not her children could go in our house, so he went across to Pen and nosed her towards the door. Then with ever so gentle nips on her bottom, he pushed her towards her mother who was attending to the food on the patio. Nesta realised what was in Bobby's mind so she caught hold of him, took him outside and tied him up in the garage. After the party, when all of us were cleaning up, we had a laugh about Bobby's action. Ah Ying said that our children, when they visited her mother's home for the Moon Festival, had prompted the same action from their dog, and he had to be tied up as well.
To give Bobby a change of scenery and some exercise, I would occasionally take him with me when I went into the jungle to see our soldiers training. I was making an early start one morning and, when Bobby saw me in jungle kit, he pranced around and made it quite clear that he wanted to come. When I opened the door of the Land Rover he was in like a shot.
Ibrahim, my orderly, and I set off to follow the the course of the Sungei Kenas which flows into the Sungei Perak at Kuala Kangsar. It was an easy route and there were well worn paths on each side of the river. The jungle had been designated a 'big game reserve' and we were quite happy to have Bobby with us to give warning if he scented an animal of the same species as Friday, but much larger. Even after the passing of 40 years, I can remember the first time I walked the Sungei Kenas. It is one of the most beautiful regions in Malaysia and the lower reaches of the river became a favourite place of ours to swim and have picnics.
After about one and a half hours we came upon our soldiers in their jungle camp. I was impressed by the way they had built their bashas (temporary huts made from saplings and palm fronds) and by the way they had sited shallow trenches nearby - to afford them interlocking fields of fire in an emergency. Our young men from Sabah (North Borneo) were quite at home in jungle, but it was necessary to tune their natural skills into the Army way of doing things.
I visited another group of soldiers a short distance from the main camp. They had been practising ambush drills all morning and were having a rest when we arrived. Tiny portable stoves that used hexamine blocks of fuel were bringing rice to the boil in mess tins and askars (to use the Malay name for 'soldiers') were opening those marvellous little tins of food from, what the Army calls, 'individual ration packs'. Sabahan soldiers, even though they liked this highly nutritious food, would supplement their rations with dried fish. Even though the smell was obnoxious, it became quite tasty when cooked. This particular platoon of soldiers had brought with them a large bag of the stuff and Bobby, who had been nosing around, found it. At home in Ipoh, he would have turned up his nose if Ah Ying had put dried fish in his bowl in place of his usual pound of kangaroo meat but, on his day out in the jungle, he ripped open the bag and ate the lot. He was busy searching for the next course when the platoon sergeant discovered what had happened and placed a size eight jungle boot under his tail. The gentle and courteous manners of Malaysian folk is one of the pleasant features of serving in that part of the world. Those hungry soldiers did their best to convince me that they did not want any dried fish that day anyway, but their efforts to appease my embarrassment was of no avail.
In October 1965, the 2nd Battalion Malaysia Rangers was fully trained and ready to take its place alongside other units of Commonwealth security forces defending the borders of Sarawak and Sabah against Indonesian aggression. Many of the British wives decided to return to UK, but Nesta preferred to return to Penang and await my return in seven months time. Her reasoning was that life would be better in that idyllic island than spending a cold winter in an Army quarter in UK.
A month before I was due to leave for Sabah, we took a week's leave and went house hunting in Penang. We stayed at the government chalets, a delightful little compound of holiday homes reserved for the use of Malaysian civil servants and officers of the armed forces. We knew the island well and, although we had been very happy in our previous home in Bukit Glugor, Nesta wanted to be closer to the sea and nearer the centre of Georgetown.
The place she set her sights on was an apartment situated between the Runnymeade (Hotel) Officers' Club and the Eastern and Oriental Hotel (shortened to 'E & O'). The place turned out to be ideal for her and the children. A number of families were already living there, it was within easy reach of the shops and the view from the garden over the sea to Kedah Peak was superb. We went to see the administrator who told us that a flat would be available just at the time I was due to leave for Sabah. We signed up there and then.
The last few weeks in Ipoh passed quickly. There was much packing of boxes and disposing of rubbish and we were mystified by the way our possessions increased 100% every time we made a move.
It seemed familiar when an Army 3 ton truck arrived at our house in Ipoh to take aboard our packing cases for the return to Penang. Ah Ying, Lee and their children, now over a year older than when we arrived were standing in a tearful line to say 'good-bye'. Chandra and the car wash boy had also come to see us off and all of them received an enhanced payment for looking after us so well. Bobby was put in the back of the truck where, once again, he was detailed to look after our possessions. With Friday in her wicker basket inside the car and with Richard and Gilly nearly falling out of the windows waving their farewells, we set off for Penang.
Nesta and I were quiet with our own thoughts as we drove north. We knew that in a few days I would be returning to Ipoh on my own to take the advance party of the battalion to Sabah. We sped along the road which twisted and turned through the Kinta Valley wherein lies the world's greatest deposits of tin. We saw the turn-off to the Chior Big Game reserve where only a few weeks before we found the pug marks of a fully grown tiger. Kuala Kangsar came into view on the banks of the Sungei Perak and we were reminded of an unforgettable evening when we attended the Sultan of Perak's birthday party in his fairy tale pink palace. Onwards to Taiping which brought back unhappy memories for both of us. I was taken to the British Military Hospital there with the dreaded swamp disease called Leptospirosis which I caught at the Jungle Warfare School in Kota Tinggi. Nesta drove thousands of miles when she visited me each day for four weeks while she was living in Penang.
At last, we drove out of the vast forest of rubber trees and saw the sea and the island of Penang in the distance; we felt we were on our way home.
One advantage of the new apartment was the close proximity of a beach, which was less than a hundred yards away. We had been confined in the car for about three hours, so we felt the need for a swim.
When we returned about 30 minutes later, we had just had time to make a pot of tea before the truck, with our kit, arrived. Ibrahim unleashed Bobby who, within a very short time had made a note of all the smells in the garden and contributed a few of his own. The following two days were spent unpacking some of our boxes and putting others aside for our return to UK in eight months time.
We tried to get Ah Kwa to be our amah again but she had found another job with a long term future and she quite sensibly, but regretfully, declined our request to come and work for us. She made a great fuss of the children, but the interval of over a year had made them shy. It was not until she left that the children implored us to let them see her again. Thereafter, Richard and Gilly had to be retrained from hi-jacking her from her new mistress whenever we went near the house where she worked.
Nesta interviewed some potential amahs and finally settled on a middle aged Burmese lady who, surprisingly, had the same name as my mother - Elsie.
Bobby had to be introduced to a new bunch of Malays, Chinese and Indians. The first commotion occurred during the first morning we spent in our new home. The Indian postman came face to face with Bobby as he was about to put an envelope through the letter box. Fortunately, the postman's bicycle was only a few feet away and he was able to hold it in front of his body to stop Bobby tearing him limb from limb. I flew to the postman's rescue and caught hold of Bobby's collar before he could do any harm. The Indian was speechless with fright and looked at me incredulously when I approached, still holding Bobby, and asked him to give me his left hand. He shut his eyes as I placed his hand on Bobby's head and then worked it around until I inserted his fingers into Bobby's mouth. Someone once told me that this was the way to forge friendship between man and dog. It seemed to work as the Indian was able to withdraw his hand and assure himself that he was still in possession of all his fingers. "You will have no trouble from now on," I said, and he voluntarily offered his other hand to Bobby who graciously sniffed it.
The last few days with Nesta and the children flew past but I was happy with the thought that after seven months in Sabah, I would return to Penang and spend four weeks leave there before returning to UK. Nesta had got the flat she wanted, an amah who seemed to be excellent - certainly as far as Burmese curries were concerned, and a dog that would stand no nonsense from anyone.
A Land Rover arrived and Ibrahim put my kit aboard. I kissed Nesta and the children and gave a last and somewhat choked instruction to Bobby about 'being in charge', and then I was on my way. I hardly noticed the familiar streets and buildings in Georgetown and my eyes did not clear until I was on the ferry heading for the mainland.
All the time we had been in mainland Malaya, we had communicated with our parents in UK through the medium of a tape recorder. We seemed to be the only British family in the battalion to do this and I could never understand why others did not follow our example. From an early age Richard and Gilly used to trot off with a tape recorder and announce they were going to talk to Grandpa and Grandma. Richard was able to operate the buttons and both would chat quite easily to both sets of grandparents who lived on the opposite side of the world.
Before I left Penang, I bought two new tape recorders; one for Nesta and the children and one for me. I was eager, therefore, to receive my first audio message when I arrived in Sabah. After five days watching every Fokker 'Friendship' aircraft of Malaysian Airways arrive on the airstrip adjacent to our camp in Tawau, the one carrying my first tape finally arrived. I was delighted to hear news of the family but appalled to hear what Nesta had to say about Bobby. It appeared he abrogated the postman's trust by nearly ripping his trousers off on his second visit to the flat. Nesta hoped he would not take the matter further, but thoughts about compensation were uppermost in the postman's mind and he reported the incident to his boss. From then on bureaucracy took over and the saga of Bobby and the postman accounted for many yards of magnetic tape.
Nesta was summoned to appear at the Magistrates' Court in Georgetown, When she arrived she was advised by her Chinese counsel to plead guilty. One look at the magistrate, a Malay, convinced her that this was a good idea.
The magistrate listened to the evidence of the postman, who by now had developed a limp and had to be assisted in and out of the witness box. He looked severely at Nesta and asked her how she wanted to plead. "Guilty!" she squeaked. Another severe look from the magistrate was followed by the pronouncement that she would have to pay a fine of Malaysian 200 Malaysian dollars - which was about £20 in those days, and a lot of money. More was to come, and the second arrow from the magistrate's bow was an order that Bobby would be put in quarantine to see if he carried the dreaded rabies virus. Despite Nesta's protestations that he had been vaccinated - and had a tattoo in his ear to prove it, he was duly impounded and taken away to the approved place for dogs who bite postmen. After 14 days he was returned to Nesta's ownership, but only after she had handed over another $200 for his keep and another rabies jab. While all this was going on, he was 'absent from duty' – which was the main reason for having him. I was none too pleased.
Indians come in all shapes and sizes, but the one who decided to adopt Nesta and the children - or rather, the place where they lived, was called in Malay, 'orang gila' (mad-man). During daytime, this weird, bearded and wild-eyed fellow spent his time on the padang (open grassy area in the centre of the town, rather like a park in British terms). At night, he took up residence in the passage way leading to the front door of our flat and there he slept until morning. At dawn he would pick up his meagre possessions, clean up whatever mess he had made - very little really, and return to the padang.
Nesta nearly had a fit the first night she saw him. She was returning from a supper party and fell over the Indian who was asleep on the floor in front of the door. The orang gila, who was most probably used to being kicked during the night, did not move, but Nesta's agitation set off a chain reaction which caused Bobby to wake up the entire community. She opened the door as fast as she could, stepped over the somnolent Indian, at the same time keeping hold of Bobby's collar lest he attack him and cause another trip to the magistrate's court. She need not have worried as Bobby, instead of attacking, shrank into the shadows and spent the rest of the night barking in unison with the snores of the orang gila.
The strange fellow used to arrive every night at about ten o'clock and was quite unconcerned about Bobby who, even though he barked long and loud, would not approach him. Nesta was concerned at Bobby's failure to deter the Indian from trespassing on our property, but it was obvious to her that the orang gila had some sort of mental hold over the dog, so she resorted to other means.
The administrator of the flats, a Chinaman, considered that his responsibilities lay only with collecting rent and attending to matters of maintenance. She then tried the local police, but the jaundiced eye of the sergeant in charge, who recognised her from the postman affair, convinced her that she could not expect any sympathy from that quarter. In desperation she called at the headquarters of the resident British infantry battalion in Penang and asked the Adjutant if he could help. "Leave it to me," he said.
When the orang gila arrived at the flat that night, he came face to face with two burly regimental policemen. They turned him round and very firmly led him to their Land Rover, put him in the back and drove off. Nesta saw him most days on the padang, but he did not visit our flat any more.
That is the end of the story as far as the orang gila is concerned, but a big question mark was entered against Bobby's effectiveness towards such people.
In one of Nesta's tapes she told me that Friday had brought a small snake into the house. Elsie inspected the reptile and said it was a baby cobra. It was dead, so she tossed it over the sea wall. The worrying thing was, if there was one baby snake it was more than likely there were others close by. A search was made of the garden, but nothing was found. Elsie told Nesta that when she was a young girl she had been bitten by a cobra and she showed her the mark on her leg. Whether it had been caused solely by the snake or by someone being too heavy handed with a knife when sucking out the poison, could not be established but, whatever the reason, she was badly scarred.
The amah lived about half a mile from the flat and one day soon after Friday caught the baby snake, she burst in through the kitchen door, slammed it behind her and said: "Do not open the door, mem, there's a snake in the monsoon drain." It seemed that as she was crossing the forecourt she looked into the six foot deep drain and saw a huge cobra. The open drain went around the block of flats and the snake was obviously trying to find a way out. Nesta made sure that all members of the family, including Bobby and Friday, were inside the flat and then closed all the doors and windows. She then telephoned the administrator and asked him to get rid of the reptile. He was, as usual, quite useless and, by a strange coincidence, everyone else who lived in the flats decided it was a great day to go out for a picnic. After spending an hour cooped up in the flat, Nesta and Elsie tip-toed through the garden and searched the whole length of the monsoon drain. The snake had disappeared and was not seen again.

After seven months of active service in Sabah, it was time for me to return to my family. The final chapter of a fascinating part of our life was to end with four weeks leave in Penang.
Nesta and the two children, Richard now five years of age and Gilly, three and a half, were at the airport when I flew in. Bobby had been left in the car in the car park and his welcome was as enthusiastic as ever. By the time we arrived home we were all in tune with each other and it was hard to believe that I had been away for so long.
We had a marvellous holiday but all too soon it was time for us to pack our boxes and switch our minds to the business of returning to UK. Two and a half years previously we had not given thought to the matter of handing on our animals but now, when the sands of time were running out, we had to take action. Elsie wanted to keep Friday but her benevolence did not extend to Bobby, with whom she had always had an uneasy relationship. We decided to ask the Misses Jones, from whom we had obtained Bobby, if they could find someone suitable. They said they would try.
A week before we were due to fly home, Miss Alice rang to say she had found someone who would like to have Bobby. If we agreed, he would start the next chapter of his life with a Chinese 'dollar' multi millionaire who lived with his family in one of the huge houses on the coast road leading to Lone Pine Beach. We were delighted with the arrangement but I emphasised that we wanted Bobby to remain with us until our last day in Penang.
Two hours before we vacated our flat and started the long journey home to UK, a large white Mercedes limousine drew up on the forecourt. A uniformed Chinese chauffeur announced that he had come to collect a dog for his master. Nesta took out his two bowls, one for water and the other for his kangaroo meat, his wicker basket (chewed at one end), his cushion, his rubber bone and his special toy - a squashy football. Bobby needed no prompting as I am sure he knew it was time to move on. He jumped into the back seat of the limousine, reclined against a cushion and, without a backward glance, sped off to the home of his new family.
Bobby was just an oriental 'pye' dog, one of thousands which scavenge, fight, procreate and generally make nuisances of themselves. But to us he was a friend and a character whose personality enriched our lives to such an extent that we still talk about him forty years later.
We often wonder if there were any more chapters in his life or if he ended his days happily in the home of the wealthy Chinese family. Of one thing we are sure, his standards would have remained high until the day he died.

Another Sacred Cow

Occasionally, we are given a glimpse behind the formal façade of the Royal family. One little cameo which illustrates the whimsical nature of Queen Elizabeth 11 was told to me many years ago by Lieutenant General Sir Charles Coleman, Colonel of the Welch Regiment from 1958 to 1965.
Soon after Sir Charles retired from the Army in 1959, he was offered the job of Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey - an honour he was delighted to accept.
Before taking up the appointment, there were certain formalities which had to take place; one of which was the formal kissing of hands at the palace. Fortunately, an old friend had taken up the appointment of Lieutenant Governor of Jersey a year before; he gave Sir Charles a ring to pass on some tips about procedure at the ceremony.
"The Queen spent much time talking about Jersey cattle," said the friend, "and my knowledge of that breed of cattle - or for that matter, any breed of cattle, is nil. You may or may not know that Guernsey has its own cattle, so I suggest you do some homework." Sir Charles thanked his friend and set about learning all there was to know about Guernsey cattle.
When the day arrived for him to report to Buckingham Palace, he stepped lightly across the forecourt feeling quite confident about his forthcoming audience with the Queen.
The Gentlemen of the Household and the Lord Chamberlain were present and he was ushered into the audience chamber where her Majesty was waiting. The formal kissing of hands took place and Sir Charles was confirmed in his appointment.
The Queen then fixed him with a penetrating gaze and said: "I suppose you've been mugging up on Guernsey cattle, General?" Sir Charles, who had been looking forward to a quiet and relaxed conversation about cows admitted that he had become, possibly, the greatest authority in the world about Guernsey and, for good measure, Jersey cattle, as well. The Queen chuckled over the memory of the discomfort of the Governor of Jersey, but was touched to hear how he had tried to help his friend.

A Distasteful Task

I first saw Cyprus in the summer of 1948 when, as a junior subaltern of the Welch Regiment, I was sent to the Middle East to join the 1st Battalion South Wales Borderers. My first impression of this 'jewel' of the Mediterranean was that hell could not be far away when day time temperatures soared into the top '90's I remember trying to find some relief from the oppressive heat by spending a few hours on a tethered raft a hundred yards from the shore - only to be burnt so badly that the medical officer read me the rules about self inflicted wounds! Captain Jack Walliker, another officer of my regiment serving with the Borderers, took pity on me and invited me to join a camping party in the Karpas Peninsula (the ‘Panhandle’) he was organizing for the following week end. I eagerly accepted.
There were two jeeps for eight of us and we loaded four two-men bivouacs and enough 'compo' rations to last three days. Cool breezes took over from the hot, dusty air of the plains as we headed north into the mountains where brilliant white villages with groves of olive and orange trees nestled among rocky outcrops. When we reached the half way point to the ruins of Kantara Castle, which had been one of the bastions of the Knights of St. John in the twelfth century, we stopped in a village for refreshments.
In the centre of the village, was a tree that provided shade for the men folk drinking coffee and playing cards. We were welcomed with smiles and friendly invitations to sit among them. Within seconds, the proprietor of a nearby coffee shop asked us what we would like to eat and drink. He spoke good English and Jack ordered some coffee and other things with Greek names. That day I made my first acquaintance with keftethis and halvah. Deep fried wafer thin pasta envelopes of spiced meat and tender bean sprouts were complemented with the flavour of honey and roasted almonds. Tiny cups full to the brim with a scalding black liquid, which almost supported the spoon in the vertical position, anointed my palate with the taste of real coffee such as I had never tasted before. Bowls of other delectable nibbles and small glasses of a deep red liqueur took over when the coffee cups were cleared away. A considerable amount of collective discipline had to be exerted to ask for the bill and bid our friendly hosts farewell. The coffee shop proprietor, his family and other local inhabitants stood and waved to us as we climbed into our vehicles and headed further into the mountains.
The rest of the story about our camping week end is of no consequence. It was very pleasant but has no relevance to what I am about to relate.

Early in 1949, the 1st Battalion South Wales Borderers left Cyprus and sailed south through the Suez Canal to Port Sudan, on the Red Sea coast, then overland to Khartoum, which was to be our new station.
Nine years passed before I arrived in Cyprus again, this time with the 1st Battalion Welch Regiment to take part in a campaign to subdue Greek Cypriot terrorists (or 'Freedom Fighters') whose aim was to end British rule and establish union with Greece.
Our first operational area was in the north west part of the island with battalion headquarters at Xeros. We stayed there for six months before moving to Dhavlos on the north east coast of the Karpas peninsula. This was familiar territory to me and the sight of Kantara Castle brought back memories of that camping trip.
One day, the officers were called to an 'O' (orders) Group where the Commanding Officer outlined the details of 'Operation Woodpecker'. The plan was to arrest thousands of passive supporters of the Greek Cypriot EOKA terrorist organisation throughout the island and put them in a place where they could not make mischief. We were given envelopes which contained details of our responsibilities.
When I returned to my tent and opened my envelope, I found I had to meet some Greek policemen at a certain grid reference on the other side of the mountain at 20.00hrs the following evening. It seemed they would escort me to a village and then show me the house of the person who had to be arrested.
I set out the following evening with my escort in two Land Rovers and we duly met the two policemen. I had no idea where I was until we drove into a village which seemed familiar. A carob tree with large black pods hanging from its branches stood in the centre of the square and Greek Cypriot villagers sat at tables drinking coffee and playing cards. To them a visit from the security forces was a common occurrence and when they saw who it was, they looked at us with sullen expressions. My eyes took in the scene and my mind wound back to August 1948 when these same villagers had been so friendly and hospitable.
I wondered which one, if any, I would have to arrest and glanced towards one of the policemen for a clue. He, however, motioned me to follow him and our posse filed out from the village square and down a narrow alley bordered by two high walls. We turned left at the end and saw in front of us an alcove blocked by a wooden gate. From the shadows of the alcove I could see a family of Greek Cypriots sitting in their arbour of vines having their evening meal.
The father of the family sat at the head of the table facing me, his wife sat at the other end and their children, numbering five or six, sat on either side of the table.
One of the policemen whispered into my ear: "That is Constantis Theakus (not his real name), the man we must arrest. He owns the village coffee shop." It seemed a cruel irony that fate decreed I should arrest a man who had been so friendly when I had met him ten years before. Even though it was a hot and sultry night, a chill swept over me. The accusation about him being an EOKA supporter did not seem to matter as I opened the gate and entered the courtyard.
Constantis looked up and rose to his feet as I approached. One of the policemen told him he was being arrested and would be given a few minutes to pack some clothes. Both policemen accompanied him inside the house leaving my escort and me standing near the remainder of the family. After what seemed an age, Constantis reappeared carrying a small suitcase. He put it on the ground and then embraced his children one by one. He then turned to his wife, dried her tears and held her close. After a few seconds, he said: "I'm ready to go." One of the policemen put handcuffs on him and we filed back the way we had come.
An hour later, we were back in Dhavlos where tents had been erected within a barbed wire stockade. Police 'Special Branch' then took over and the following day Constantis and others who had been brought in the night before were moved away in police vehicles.
I was never in any doubt that the only inconvenience Constantis suffered was temporary deprivation of liberty and that after a month or two, he would be back in his village serving coffee and playing cards with his friends. I sometimes wonder though what would have happened to him if he had been arrested by one of the many totalitarian regimes we have seen in that part of the world in recent years.

Tuesday, 3 June 2008

Mau Mau Memories

In 1952, when the 3rd Battalion King’s African Rifles was involved in the communist insurrection in Malaya, another 'emergency' started in Kenya. Slowly at first and then with increasing vigour the Kikuyu reserve became a battleground for many members of that tribe in their revolt against colonial rule. The movement became known as Mau Mau and its ‘freedom fighters’, though misguided, were no less dedicated to their cause than the communists we were fighting in Malaya.

The Mau Mau emergency was at its height when we arrived at the newly built Lugard Barracks in Nanyuki in July 1953. Askaris were keen to put into practice the skills they had learnt in Malaya, but first they had to go home to see their families. Over 18 months separation meant they had accumulated over eight weeks leave and that, plus an extra day for every twenty miles marching for those who lived far from rail or bus routes, meant we were going to be out of action for a considerable time. I, as Adjutant, was soon back on duty though and was horrified to read the directive about our role in the emergency.
The first thing to happen was the posting of many African warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and askaris to newly raised KAR battalions to provide expertise in jungle warfare. Others were to be selected as instructors at the East African Training Centre at Nakuru. Then followed the departure of many of our British officers, warrant officers and NCOs who, in many cases, had extended their tours to serve with the battalion in Malaya. When the cuts and departures had taken place our superbly trained and well balanced battalion was diluted to the level of most other KAR units. The final insult was withdrawal of our jungle green webbing in exchange for old '38 pattern' khaki equipment.
We deployed to the Kikuyu reserve, with Bn. HQ at Fort Hall, in September 1953. There we took part in a number of operations which involved hundreds of so called ‘loyal’ Kikuyu armed with bows and poisoned arrows, with every tenth man carrying a shotgun. They were transported into areas to establish cordons and then used as a back-stop for fully armed members of the security forces who would beat their way through banana and maize plantations. All of us had been issued with pamphlets featuring horrific photographs of Mau Mau atrocities and there was no reluctance on the part of the security forces to shoot any terrorist who refused to surrender.
Unlike ‘freedom fighters’ of the '60s, '70s and '80s who were equipped with AK47 automatic rifles and rocket launchers, Mau Mau had few proper weapons. In addition to an assortment of ancient Italian rifles, they used whatever weapons they had captured from white farms and police armouries. They also made their own weapons. These usually consisted of a piece of wood carved into the shape of a rifle upon which a metal tube was bound with wire. The chamber was crimped to take a bullet and the firing pin was a nail attached to a piece of rubber which was pulled backwards before being released by the firer. It was an extremely hazardous operation and many Mau Mau were injured when they fired their home made guns. Nevertheless, they were status symbols and were used with considerable success to impress the mainly law abiding villagers when Mau Mau demanded food and clothing.
As always in these situations, it is the poor villager who suffers most. On one side he has the ‘freedom fighter’ exhorting him to support the cause, on pain of death if he refuses, and on the other side, the security forces destroying his crops, burning his house and confiscating his cattle if he does not give them the information they want. Chinese with their parangs and Africans with their pangas are adept at changing the contours of the human body if the party line is not followed.
As late as 1954 people in UK were only fed information approved by the ‘establishment.’ But one day a news reporter in Kenya managed to get hold of a story about a certain battalion commander who offered a cash prize to anyone in his unit who could provide evidence that he had killed a member of Mau Mau. This was the turning point in accountability of security forces, not only to their superior headquarters, but to the public at large - home and abroad. A high powered parliamentary team came to Kenya to put specific questions about giving ‘cash for kills’ to every commanding officer, second-in-command, adjutant and company commander in every combat unit. Additionally, anyone who had information they wished to divulge was invited to give evidence.

Our first casualty

Lieutenant Christopher Nunn and his platoon from ‘B’ Company took part in one of the longest patrols the battalion made during our 18 month tour in Malaya. When they returned to their base at Chukai on the north east coast after six weeks in thick jungle, many of them were in poor shape. It just so happened that the High Commissioner, General Sir Gerald Templer, decided to drop in on ‘B’ Company as he was touring east Pahang in his helicopter. Major Tim Evill, the company commander, introduced Christopher to Templer who noticed that he was in poor physical shape. He suggested that a spell at Government House in Kuala Lumpur might put some colour back into his cheeks. Within the hour Christopher was aboard the helicopter heading for the nation’s capital to spend two weeks with the High Commissioner and Lady Templer.
A few weeks after arriving in Fort Hall in 1953, Christopher took a patrol into the heartland of Kikuyu country. They based themselves at a police post and it was there just after ‘stand down’ one evening that a gang of Mau Mau attacked. The ferocity of their assault on a well defended position was unusual, but they had captured some high velocity weapons and most of them were ‘high’ on bhang.
Christopher was shot during the initial exchange of fire. Although badly wounded he continued to organise the defence of the police post throughout the night: it was not until the first streaks of dawn appeared that the enemy withdrew. Radio communications in those days were non-existent during the hours of darkness and, as the telephone line had been cut (again), we were unaware of what had happened. I remember the ambulance arriving at battalion headquarters at about 8am. In Malaya, Christopher would have been evacuated by helicopter, but such luxuries were unknown in Kenya. He was still conscious after an uncomfortable journey of twenty miles over atrocious roads, but he died an hour later.
Christopher Nunn was typical of the many national service officers the British Army used during those days when 'brush-fire wars' stretched our resources to the limit. Matched alongside bronzed Adonis-like askaris, Chris was pale, hollow-chested and looked as if he would fall over backwards when he slung his pack. But inside his slim frame beat a heart as strong as a lion.

Growing up in the KAR

I cannot remember where he came from but he adjusted to living in the servants’ quarters of the officers’ mess in Fort Hall as easily as a young lion cub deprived of its mother. Mutuli was his name, Kikuyu was his tribe and he was nine years of age; his parents had been slaughtered by Mau Mau, along with many others in his village.
He had a knack of doing and saying the right thing. While other youngsters would be shooed away if they were caught hanging around the kitchen waiting for scraps of food, Mutuli would salute any ‘wazungu’ (British ranks) he saw and talk to them respectfully in English. It was his ambition to become an askari and he observed drill movements whenever guard-mounting took place. He would then strut up and down and mimic the regimental sergeant major by carrying a stick under his arm.
When it was clear he had adopted 3/KAR, and me in particular, I decided that something had to be done about his education. There was a school in Fort Hall so I had a word with the headmaster who agreed to accept Mutuli as a pupil. I fitted him out with grey shorts, white shirts, socks and black shoes and every morning before he set off for school he would insist on reporting to me for a ‘kit inspection’.
While my orderly did his washing Mutuli insisted on putting creases in his shorts and shirt with a charcoal iron. He had learnt the technique of ‘spit polishing’ his shoes and they shone brighter than those of the provost sergeant.
Within a short time, Mutuli was top of his class and I was very pleased to read the glowing comments on his report. Homework for him was a labour of love and he would spend hours in his tent pouring over his books.
Sergeant Onyala, the mess sergeant, told me that Mutuli’s birthday would take place in a few days time and asked if it would be in order for the mpishi (cook) to make him a cake. I decided to make the day a big occasion. After all, the only link Mutuli had with his mother was the date she had brought him into the world.
I asked him if he would like to have a party to which he could bring some of his school friends. He was pleased with my suggestion so I gave the mess sergeant instructions to prepare a bumper feast for a dozen children.
I doubt if any of those who attended Mutuli’s tenth birthday party had ever eaten such exotic things as pancakes, sausage rolls, jelly, custard and chocolate pudding. The mpishi had made a good job of the birthday cake and he carried it to the table complete with ten candles burning brightly. Never have I seen children devour sugar icing, marzipan and fruit cake so swiftly as did those ‘watoto’ at Mutuli’s party in Fort Hall.
The Commanding Officer decided to hold a drinks party for the district commissioner, chief of police and a few others. I thought this would be a good opportunity to introduce Mutuli as a mess waiter.
Most evenings, when he had finished his homework, he could be found in the kitchen helping with the washing up or assisting the two Kikuyu mess waiters, Waruru and Washira, clean glasses in the bar. I proposed to fit him out with a white jacket, with regimental buttons, long white trousers and a 'tarboosh' (scarlet ‘flower-pot’ hat with black tassel). The Colonel thought it was an excellent idea and gave me permission to go ahead.
Mutuli could hardly wait for the next few days to pass before his uniform was ready to wear. In the meantime he practised carrying plates of peanuts and trays with glasses until his actions were perfect.
The District Commissioner was interested when I told him the story of our young ‘recruit’ and he had some kind words to say to him during the evening. I thought Mutuli's tunic buttons would fly off as he puffed out his chest with pride.
Mutuli stayed in Fort Hall when I went to command a rifle company at Mukuruweni. But before I returned to UK at the end of my tour in June 1954, I saw him at Embu, where battalion HQ was then sited. He was thoroughly at home and everyone thought the world of him. I am sorry to say that I lost touch with him when I left 3/KAR and I have often wondered if he ever made a career of the Army.

Long-drop

One night in Fort Hall a report came through that the Black Watch had suffered casualties in a fire-fight with a gang of Mau Mau (Major Archie Wavell, son of Field Marshal Viscount Wavell, was killed). The Commanding Officer told me to report to the police ops. room and find out what was happening, so I climbed into a Land Rover and took with me Jeremy, the assistant intelligence officer. There was too much interference on the wireless net to get an update about what happened and after an hour or so, Jeremy said he was going back to 3/KAR officers' mess on foot. I hung on for another half hour and then climbed into the Land Rover and drove back via the road that ran alongside the British warrant officers' and sergeants' mess. To my surprise, I saw Jeremy standing on the grass outside the mess with a glass in his hand talking to Orderly Room Quartermaster Sergeant Kelly.
Jeremy was a quiet, abstemious officer not normally given to drinking 'hard stuff'. But there he was, standing outside the sergeants’ mess with a glass of honey coloured liquid in his hand. I pulled up and asked him if he wanted a lift. He gulped down what was left and climbed into the passenger seat alongside me. I was still in first gear when I became aware of a disgusting smell. When I looked to my left I could see that Jeremy's trousers were covered in slime. "Where the hell have you been?" I asked. "I fell down a choo (deep-trench latrine)," he replied and then burst into tears. I subsequently discovered that Jeremy had taken a short-cut across a field which took him to the main road via the car park of the sergeants' mess. During the day, workmen had partly dismantled a deep-trench latrine on the edge of the tarmac but had forgotten to cover the hole. There were no lights to guide Jeremy and the poor fellow fell in. Mercifully, the contents of the long-drop came only as far as his waist. There were no means of scaling the wall of the choo and it was unlikely that anyone would have heard him had he yelled his heart out from 15 feet below ground. There was only one course open to him and that was to attract attention by firing his revolver, which he kept in a holster on his hip.
ORQMS Kelly of the Royal Ulster Rifles, the supremo of 3/KAR orderly room, was enjoying a pint of Tusker beer with friends on the veranda of the sergeants' mess. The first two shots from Jeremy did not draw any response, so he let off four more which caused Kelly turn his head in the direction of the half dismantled latrine. Jeremy had reloaded and was about to pump a few more rounds heavenwards when Kelly's head appeared above him and asked if there was anyone down there. I arrived about five minutes later after Jeremy had been rescued.
After a thorough wash-down, both Jeremy and the Land Rover were fit for duty again.

Note: The Assistant. IO's name is disguised, otherwise the story is true.


Defiant to the end

When I became a company commander, one of my subalterns radioed in one day and reported an engagement with a Mau Mau gang. Some of the enemy had been killed and he said he was bringing the bodies and a prisoner back to base. He arrived about two hours later and started to off-load four dead Mau Mau. One other Kikuyu was lying on the floor of the truck and there was much blood about; I could see he was badly wounded.
A couple of askaris got hold of his feet and started to drag him towards the tailboard, but I intervened and told them to leave him alone until a medical orderly arrived. I climbed into the truck and saw he had gunshot wounds to both legs; his partially opened shirt revealed a large hole in his stomach from which his intestines protruded. His eyes were like those of a wild animal and he snarled like a leopard as I approached him. When I told him he would receive medical attention, he levered himself upwards on his elbows and spat in my face. The medical orderly came with a stretcher and he was taken to the aid post, but he died ten minutes later.

A pit full of panjis

Tommy Thomas and I served together in Eritrea with the 1st Battalion South Wales Borderers. I had not seen him for three years until the tent flap opened one day and in he walked. “I’m your new second-in-command,” he announced. We had a few days together before I set off for Nairobi to be a member of a general court martial trying a white officer of the Kenya Regiment accused of torturing Mau Mau suspects. On the second day of the court martial I received a call from battalion headquarters informing me that Tommy had been badly injured; when I returned to my company a few days later I found out what had happened. It seemed that Tommy had received information about an impending Mau Mau attack on a Kikuyu guard post and had gone off with an escort to warn the occupants.
Kikuyu guard posts were like Saxon villages of the 6th century in Britain. Huts of mud and wattle with thatched roofs were built on high ground while a strong wooden fence, laced with sisal fronds and thorn bush, surrounded the encampment. A ditch about 15 feet wide and 12 feet deep formed an outer perimeter. Within the pit, thousands of panjis (sharpened bamboo stakes) were driven into the ground twelve inches apart. During daylight hours a drawbridge spanned the ditch but when the sun dipped behind the Aberdare forest, the drawbridge was raised to the vertical position.
Tommy had left his vehicle at the bottom of the hill while he and his escort made their way to the guard post. Moving about at night during the Mau Mau emergency was a dangerous business, especially when trigger happy natives were likely to fire first and ask questions afterwards. Tommy shouted in a mixture of English and (limited) Kiswahili that he wanted the drawbridge lowered. Initially, there was no response and then someone replied in Kiswahili saying that if he didn’t clear off he would get some poisoned arrows and buckshot coming his way. Tommy continued to walk forward until he came to the ditch - and fell in.
Tommy was built like a tank and measured his length on the panjis at the bottom of the ditch. His escort managed to convince the guards that a ‘mzungu’ (European) had skewered himself and that assistance was urgently required.
It was a hazardous business removing Tommy from the ditch. Had the panjis been spaced further apart he would have sustained even more horrific injuries but, like an Indian fakir lying on a bed of nails, the volume of spikes in close proximity to each other saved him from worse injury. Even so, his stomach, chest and legs were punctured in many places. Tommy was made of stern stuff though and he withstood a journey of 40 miles over corrugated roads to the provincial hospital at Nyeri. The surgeon was concerned about the unseen damage to Tommy’s guts and this meant opening him up from top to bottom.
As soon as the court martial in Nairobi was over, I went to Nyeri to see him. He was beginning to look his old self again but as we talked he began to show signs of discomfort. I asked if I should call a nurse but he shook his head and said that the feeling he was experiencing happened every half hour or so. Then a look of ecstasy spread across his face and he let off the longest, loudest fart I had ever heard. The bed clothes, which looked as though they were supported on a frame, collapsed slowly like a deflating balloon. When all had subsided Tommy asked me to pass him a can of Tusker beer from a box under his bed.
Even though Tommy had a massive frame, he could not cope with such huge inflations and deflations. A few days later he blew the stitches which held his insides together and was placed on the ‘dangerously ill’ list again. He hovered on the edge of death for a long time until he recovered well enough to be cas-evac’d to UK. He did not return to the KAR.


Not his ‘cup-of-tea.'

Soon after Tommy’s accident, I received a replacement for my long serving and very experienced British Company Sergeant Major. The new chap had never served with Africans before and by the look of him had never worn khaki drill. His bush hat, with an Arabic ‘telata’ (figure three) and a crow’s neck on the upturn, looked very new and required some dust and sweat to give it character. He was allocated a 160 pounder tent and an orderly and I told him to settle in for the rest of the day. “Go and chat to the askaris,” I said. “Some of them speak English but just say ‘Jambo, habari yako?’ (Hello, what news?) to the rest.”
About ten minutes later my orderly rushed into my tent and said: “Effendi, bwana sergeant major mpya yeye anguka karibu na zariba.” (Sir, the new sergeant major has fallen down near the perimeter fence.) I hastened after Pte. Kipleli who directed me to the prostrate form of the sergeant major. A few Samburu were kicking dust over him - water was too valuable a commodity to waste where they came from, but it seemed to do the trick as he slowly opened his eyes and focused them on me. I helped him to his feet and supported him until he was settled in the shade of a fig tree. When he had recovered sufficiently, he looked around and pointed towards a trio of inscrutable Samburu askaris. “It’s them and that cow, sir,” he gasped. I began to think he had got a touch of the sun until he explained what happened.
I gathered he had seen some askaris clustered around a cow. It came from a herd that the District Officer had confiscated from some villagers who had not been forthcoming with information about Mau Mau. This happened quite often and when it did, he used to give me a cow or two for the askaris to eat. I gave the animals to Somalis to slaughter as they would do it the Moslem way, and then everyone would be able to eat the meat. Samburu come from the northern frontier district of Kenya. When at home they live mainly on a diet of cow or camel milk mixed with blood which they extract from a vein in the neck of the beast. The Samburu in camp that day gathered around and caught every drop of blood they could from the slowly expiring cow. Just as the animal was giving its last breath, the new sergeant major turned up. “Jambo, habari yako?" he said. “Jambo effendi, habari mzuri.” (Hello sir, news is good.) And then, as if drinking a toast to the new arrival, the Samburu raised their mess tins and drank the warm blood.
Still as white as a sheet, the Sergeant Major said: “I don’t think I’ll be able to get used to this, sir.” He didn’t, and soon found a more suitable billet with a British battalion where rations were delivered in the conventional way.


SMITH'S FOLLY

After spending a few months in Mukuruweini, my company moved ten miles north to another camp-site near the village of Kaheti. Maize, banana and sweet potato grew in abundance and our task was to protect villagers from Mau Mau gangs demanding food. We were encamped on a hillock with a barbed wire fence encircling the perimeter and it was necessary to have sentry posts all way around lest Mau Mau should attack us. This meant a heavy load of guard duties for the askaris so I spent some time thinking how I could reduce the commitment. The answer seemed to be a tower, where one or two sentries could do the work of a dozen. Everyone thought it a good idea so I drew up a plan.
Holes had to be dug, sandbags filled, ladders made and, finally, the cutting and placing of four stout tree trunks to provide the main supports. Askaris went to work eagerly and very soon the new guard post started to take shape. We built a platform about 25 feet from the ground and hauled sandbags through a hole in one corner to provide protection from gunfire. Then we had to make a roof out of poles covered by tarpaulin, which acted like a sail when the wind blew, so we put cross beams between the four supports. I began to wonder if the construction was top heavy but eventually it was complete and the first sentry climbed the ladder and hauled himself through the hole in the platform. A few seconds later his head appeared over the parapet of sandbags. I could see the whites of his eyes and the terror on his face as the tower rolled backwards, forwards and sideways according to the strength and direction of the wind. Nevertheless, the tower was up and running and I felt sure that askaris would get used to it after a few turns on 'stag'.
It was not until the following morning that my African Company Sergeant Major told me that my plan for reducing guard duties was not popular. It had been frightening enough in the daytime but that was nothing compared to the hours of darkness when some of the sentries became physically sick as the contraption gyrated alarmingly.
By common consent, askaris went back to the old system of having sentries at ground level, even if that meant doing more work.

Donkey work

There was a stream at the bottom of the hill below the camp where women collected water in large earthenware pots. Alone among the female fraternity was a man who loaded his donkey with so many tin cans that the poor animal could hardly stand, let alone carry its load half a mile to his hut.
I was there one day when he arrived and was appalled to see large sores on the animal's back. Without thought of the pain he was inflicting upon the poor beast he started to fill his metal containers. I told him to stop what he was doing and wait until I brought him some ointment and soft covering to put on the sores. I also provided him with a blanket to stop the cans aggravating the wounds. He seemed grateful for the interest I was taking in the welfare of his donkey, but a few days later I found that the donkey was in a worse state and that the blanket was missing. I thereupon deprived him of the animal which my orderly took back to camp. The women at the well shrieked with laughter at the man's misfortune and refused to help him. Two weeks later, when the donkey's sores had healed, I handed the animal, along with another blanket, back to the villager who had come to appreciate how difficult it was to carry water by himself. I kept my eye on him until I left Kaheti and was glad to see that the donkey was thereafter well treated.

Fundi ya mkuki

The equivalent to an Irish tinker in Kenya is the travelling spear maker. One of these, accompanied by his grandfather turned up one day and started to take orders: they travelled light; their only tools being a hammer and a hack-saw for cutting metal. There was no shortage of customers and within a short time the pair were at work cutting up an old bicycle. The old man's contribution to the partnership was to sit alongside a group of large stones, arranged in a circle, and blow air from a pair of goatskin bellows to charcoal. The 'fundi ya mkuki' (spearmaker) told me that his father was Maasai and his mother Kikuyu and that the spear he was making for me was of the type carried by his father. In the old days, and even now if lions are plentiful, no youth would aspire to become a warrior until he had killed a lion. The procedure is as follows: The lion is surrounded and the circle is closed until the animal has to burst its way out. The 'lucky' youth who the lion chooses to attack beds his spear in the ground and holds the point towards the oncoming animal which, hopefully, becomes impaled. It becomes a free-for-all then with everyone stabbing the lion until it is dead.
The sound of hammering lasted for two days and every now and then the 'fundi' would cast a critical eye down the length of the spear to make sure it was perfectly straight. I paid him a paltry amount that would be no more than £5.00 in today's money and then he and his grandfather started to cut up another old bicycle for the next order. I still have that spear as well as a Kikuyu bow and two arrows that once had poison on their tips.

The Mau Mau campaign was a messy affair with much loss of life, mainly among Africans. The so called ‘Loyal Kikuyu’ lost 1,800 killed but figures are not available for those who died in acts of tribal retribution later on. The security forces suffered 590 killed while the cost to Mau Mau was 12,515 of whom 1,015 were hanged.
It was Jomo Kenyatta, labelled the most evil of all Mau Mau and banished to the Turkana district of Northern Kenya, who was eventually recognised as the only person who could bring peace and stability to his country. He became the first black President of Kenya on 12th December 1963 and was thereafter respected throughout the world for his wisdom and magnanimity. He died as the acknowledged ‘mzee mkubwa’ (great old man) of Africa in August 1978.